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An equimolar mixture of zirconium(IV) and Semi-Xylenol Orange (SXO) reacts rapidly with fluoride ion at pH 2 to cause an increase in absorbance at about 530 nm. The calibration graph was linear up to 1×10-5 mol dm-3. In a flow injection system, a detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio=3) of 2.5×10-7 mol dm-3 was obtained with a sample throughput of 60 h-1. Potentiometric studies of this reaction system with a fluoride ion-selective electrode demonstrated that an increase in absorbance can be ascribed to the coordination of the phenolic oxygen of SXO on the reaction of a partly hydrolysed Zr-SXO complex with fluoride ion to give the mixed ligand complex.
Semi-xylenol orange complex of zirconium(IV) as a photometric reagent system for fluoride based on mixed ligand complex formation
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